Brain food to Boost your Exam Scores Free Essays

Well all realize that finishing a long test can want to run a psychological long distance race, yet did you realize that what you eat and drink can influence your test performanceWell it’s genuine †certain nourishments have been deductively demonstrated to improve your vitality levels, fixation rate and by and large intellectual competence; sounds precisely like the sort of thing you could use for a test rightToday we examine what is the best eating regimen to follow on test day? Eat mind boosting nourishments Protein-rich nourishments can prompt more noteworthy mental readiness, these incorporate eggs, nuts, yogurt, and curds. So the perfect pre-test breakfast would be entire grain oat with low-fat milk, eggs and toast with jam, porridge, cereal, or without sugar muesli. Go Bananas Natural product can give superb cerebrum fuel, which can assist you with speculation quicker and recall all the more without any problem. We will compose a custom exposition test on Cerebrum food to Boost your Exam Scores or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now You could eat oranges, strawberries, blueberries, or bananas, which are particularly well known. Vegetables, crude carrots, chime peppers, Brussels grows, spinach, broccoli, and asparagus are acceptable decisions. Mind blockers On test day, avoid nourishments made of white flour, for example, treats, cakes, and biscuits, which require added time and vitality to process. Likewise stay away from nourishments that are high in refined sugar, for example, chocolates, pastries, and desserts. When eaten alone, starches cause you to feel more loose than alert. So carbs are a decent choice for the day preceding the test, however not on the genuine test day. What's more, carbs, for example, rice or potatoes, eaten in huge amounts, can cause you to feel overwhelming and sluggish. Maintain a strategic distance from nourishments that a high in sugar, for example, chocolate and Coca-Cola. They will send you off on sugar rushes and lows †something contrary to balancing out you during your long test. Drink mind boosting refreshments. Ensure you drink enough water previously and during your test. Tea additionally works, however without a ton of sugar. Parchedness can cause you to lose your fixation, feel swoon, and sap your vitality. Don’t hold up till you’re parched to drink a glass of water. In the event that you hold up till you’re parched, it implies your body is as of now somewhat got dried out. Stay away from liquor totally on test day. Clearly, you can't excel on a test on the off chance that you are tanked, have a cerebral pain, or are feeling sick. When all is said in done, decrease your drinking around test time to maintain a strategic distance from headaches, bluntness, or exorbitant weakness. Maintain a strategic distance from caffeine, as it can expand your apprehension.. Think about taking multivitamins. Most understudies don't eat a solid adjusted eating regimen. At the point when you make due on pizza, lousy nourishment, Red Bull, and espresso, your body winds up with an absence of fundamental nutrients and minerals. A multivitamin can help. The B nutrients particularly reinforce mind working. Iron, calcium, and zinc can help your body’s capacity to deal with pressure. Don’t Forget to Sleep. Numerous understudies start concentrating late into the night, wanting to pack in somewhat more data into their effectively depleted minds. Rather, on the night prior to the test, quit concentrating in the early night. From that point onward, relax, have your supper, spread out your garments for the following day, gather your sack, clean up, set two or three cautions and head to bed early. You’ve done everything you can. To work at your best on test day, you need not just the vitality that originates from sound nourishment, yet in addition the vitality that originates from satisfactory, peaceful rest. Step by step instructions to refer to Brain food to Boost your Exam Scores, Essay models

Brain Structures Essay

What general cerebrum structures are engaged with inspiration and feeling? What job do these structures play in inspiration and feeling? Â â â â â â â â â â â In the field of mental and anatomical science, the social attributes of the human brain research are chiefly identified with the exercises and procedures in the various districts and structure of the human mind. Physiologically, the cerebrum controls the distinctive conduct, state of mind, and other individual qualities of the individual through the capacities and hormonal changes in the included mind regions.â Included in these mental attributes are inspiration and feeling wherein the turn of events and plan of these standards of conduct are established n the psychobiological structure of the cerebrum. Â â â â â â â â â â â The part of inspiration is essentially guided by two prevailing ideas in particular the prize framework (appetitive inspiration) and the battle or supplication framework (aversive inspiration). Both of these mental frameworks are guided by the hormonal changes and exercises in the included cerebrum area. Specifically, inspiration in the human conduct is guided by the delight and prize instrument of the mind wherein the human responds towards the accomplishment of the advantage of their activity. In this point of view, the job of the subcortical structure made out of the limbic framework, thalamus, nerve center, basal ganglia, and midbrain gets huge as the turn of events and guideline of inspiration in the human conduct. These structures produce inspiration through the control of hormonal discharge, for example, dopamine and other delight sensors subsequently, making the prize framework and intrigue factor of the individual social framework. Â â â â â â â â â â â Emotion then again, is deductively identified with the limbic framework, the basal ganglia, thalamus, nerve center, and in like manner the subcortical framework in the human cerebrum as the mind locale controlling the turn of events and definition of feeling in the human conduct. In the psychobiological point of view, feeling turns into the aftereffect of the squabble in the physiological conduct of the human body as the consequence of the hormonal discharge constrained by the human cerebrum. In this idea, the included area of the cerebrum catches the incitement from the tangible districts and controls the physiological arrangement of the human body, for example, heartbeat, breathing rate, sweat discharge, and others making the general passionate response of the human body. Â â â â â â â â â â â all in all, the physiological response of the human body making the social trait of the individual turns into the result of the control of the human mind. The social quality of the human individual, for example, inspiration and feeling are managed and are controlled in the mind locale. Â Bibliography Westen, Drew (1998). Brain research: Mind, Brain and Culture. John Wiley and Sons Inc. second Edition. ISBN-10: 0471240494.

How to Build Great Looking and Functional Business Dashboards

How to Build Great Looking and Functional Business Dashboards Wouldn’t it be great if your business could access all its data, information, trends, reports and statistics through one tool or platform? Collecting, accessing and studying business data can be one of the most challenging and time-consuming activities for a business but one tool that can simplify the process is a Business Dashboard. A dashboard is a tool through which information can be easy displayed, tracked and evaluated in the most convenient manner. © Shutterstock.com | KapralcevIn this article, we shall explore the topic of Business Dashboards further. By reading the information presented, you will be able to learn 1) everything you need to know about business dashboards, 2) why do all businesses need business dashboards, 3) building effective business dashboard.EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT BUSINESS DASHBOARDSA business dashboard or simply Dashboard is a kind of an information management tool which is used for the purpose of tracking metrics, KPIs (key performance indicators) and several other data elements which are of importance to an organization or one of its departments. The origin of the term ‘dashboard’ comes from automobile dashboards where the driver is responsible for tracking the major functions based on a summarized information. The world of business has been looking for certain tools that can help them know whether their business is running at the right pace and in the right direction for a long time now. But with the development and use of dashboards, this area has been taken care of.As far as your business is concerned, a dashboard can help visualize summaries of data in a format of comparisons, graphs, line and bar charts, trends, reports, statistics and exceptional cases, etc. There are four key requirements for a good or effective dashboard, and they are given as follows:The dashboard should be simple and communicates in the easiest manner.The dashboard visuals should offer the least number of distractions or confusions.Every dashboard should enable application of visual perception to visual presentation.It should support the well-organized business with useful data.Types of DashboardsThere are 3 major types of the dashboard, and their distinction arises from the different role they fulfill. You decide which one can work perfectly for your needs and requirements:Strategic Strategic or executive dashboards are those dashboards that offer the KPIs that the executive team of your company will track on a regular basis. This dashboard will provide a top level overview of the condition or status of the business along with the opportunities offered to it.Operational As the name suggests, these kinds of dashboards display data or information that helps analyze or view the operational part of the business. This kind of a dashboard enables you to monitor the pulse of the operations and offer real-time data.Tactical Tactical or analytic dashboards are capable of displaying both operational and strategic data. These enable you to view more data and get more insights in parallel. However, this functionality may not be required by all kinds of businesses.Benefits of business dashboards for companiesAlignment of departments Dashboards offer an objective view of performance and inter-departmental activities and can serve as common ground for further communication. It helps departments be aligned and be on the same page.Consolidation of multiple data points What dash boards do is that they collect data from multiple sources and consolidate it to one single reporting source. This can help you reduce time as well as your manual work, thus making it possible for you to share the data among the entire organization.More value out of data When bringing the business related data in one place, business dashboards make it possible to compare those data and metrics more easily across departments or products. If a dashboard is well-designed, then it can help you gain much more understanding about the business developments and the current status of your company.WHY DO ALL BUSINESSES NEED BUSINESS DASHBOARDSAs a business owner, you must know and understand the importance of collecting data and the convenience of analyzing it from in one place. But doing so is not really possible since apart from dashboards, there are not many ways to consolidate the huge amounts of data in an overview. Business dashboards not only offer a convenient display but also make wa y for accessing performance metrics and statistics simple. If you are still considering to implement a dashboard for your business, then the following points might convince you:Saves time A business dashboard can save time of your executives who spend several hours a week trying to log information into reports and then running them. This saved time can be then invested on other important tasks and may offer increased productivity and profitability. As they say ‘time is money’ and the more time you save, the more money you make.Offers better results A business dashboard helps you to address the issues or problems that need checking. Performance indicators are hugely instrumental in improving your operations by eliminating problem areas and capitalizing on elements that are working currently. This is another reason why you must consider having one for your business.Decreases stress Stress at your workplace can lead to deterioration in performances and results. But with a busine ss dashboard, it is possible to reduce this stress by reducing the amount of hard work that needs to be done. With an excellently designed dashboard updates can be sent to you and your team on a daily basis that cuts down on half your work and tension. The reports thus obtained can be used to compare data, make decisions and hence improve performance.Improves productivity An intelligently organized business dashboard enables you to know performance indicators such as return rate, customer behavior development, etc. By knowing these statistics and trends, you can work in such a way that performance can be improved, thus increasing profits.Offers deeper transparency One of the main reasons why your business needs a well-designed dashboard is because such a tool helps you to know what kind of forces are driving it at a given point in time. The well-illustrated graphs and the minutely detailed reports can pinpoint to the factors that may be working for you or the ones that may not be proving beneficial. The overall transparency offered is incomparable to that offered by any other business tool.Offers better overview picture A business dashboard helps to provide a much greater overview of your data by dividing it into groups or blocks. On the basis of this kind of condenced overview picture, data can be easily analyzed, and better insights can be gained. The division of data into relevant groups gives you more capability of managing it and understanding the trends.Helps in tracking sales opportunities Sales dashboards are a superb tool for monitoring and tracking services as well as products through their life-term. These tools can help you spot and identify those products that have the maximum potential of selling by analyzing the market and measuring other business statistics. Sales dashboards help to eliminate the necessity of manually entering data and comparing sales reports, etc.Offers marketing insights Your marketing department may work very hard to co llect and analyze data from the various sources. It may take you a lot of time to predict sales, forecast trends and build marketing strategies, etc. But with a business dashboard, this task can be made simpler and much less time consuming. This is another reason why business dashboards are so important for you.Improves employee performances When the employees of your business know that their performance is being analyzed and evaluated through a dashboard, they tend to work harder and offer more productivity. This helps to improve employee performances throughout the workplace and hence benefits you by improving profits. Since employees become more aware of the fact that they are being compared with one another on various grounds, they make more efforts to improve upon each task they perform.Social media management The dashboards that social media sites offer to you may not be enough to show you all the important insights and this is where a business dashboard proves useful. Throu gh a dashboard of this kind, you can better manage your social media accounts, the campaigns you are running as well as get a more comprehensive view of the developments and statistics. It can get very difficult to log in all the different accounts and compare the data from the different sources separately for marketing managers but with a good dashboard, this task is hugely simplified.BUILDING BEAUTIFUL AND FUNCTIONAL BUSINESS DASHBOARDSBusiness dashboards have proven to be highly useful in leveraging the importance of summarized data. Not only do they speed the process of decision making but also enable the creation of alignment of data. But this is only possible if the dashboard is created with enough consideration and by considering certain rules and suggestions. To come up with a beautiful and functional business dashboard, you can follow the following given points:1.     Choose the most important metrics onlyBusiness dashboards are often very cluttered, but this can create con fusion in the mind of the onlookers. This is why it is important to select very carefully what metrics you want to add so that only relevant data or information is displayed. There is no fixed rule as to which metrics you must select as every business may have different requirements and needs. In order to select which metrics must be included, you can consider the following given factors:Is the metric really necessary? The first question that you may need to ask is whether the metric is even necessary or not.How does the metric contribute to your objective? You may also need to analyze the way in which the metric is contributing to your overall objective or goal.Do you have data to throw light on this objective? You have to test whether you can gain the relevant data to assess those metrics.2.     Pay attention to its visual appealAnother thing that you may need to consider while choosing or designing a business dashboard is its visual look and appeal. You must make sure that the overall attractiveness of the dashboard is good enough for you and other business executes to use it. A well-designed dashboard is one which is pleasing to look at and high in terms of usability. The following are some factors that can be considered to make it visually appealing:Data grouping should be done logically: Data must be arranged and displayed in logical blocks of information or groups, as otherwise it can cause only confusion by the reader of the dashboard. All the financial information must be grouped together whereas all the marketing related data must be placed together and so on. Grouping must be done according to the departments (marketing, finance, accounts, sales and so on), according to the product, according to the people using it or similar categorization. The way the data is displayed is what determines how our eye will move on the dashboard and which order will we read the data presented. Thus, it is very important to place data logically and in proper catego ries.Graphs, charts, and widgets, etc.: For a functional and streamlined dashboard, it is important for it to have charts, widgets and graphs etc. so as to display information in a systematic way and so as to throw light on the trends and reports in a simplified manner. There is a host of graph and chart types available for you to choose from, but you must select the type carefully, focusing on its relevance and suitability to your overall design.Color, shapes, lines, etc.: Another part of the overall visualization that you can consider is the kinds of colors used, the shapes used as well as the kinds of lines and thicknesses chosen for different elements. There are many tools that can help you control these visual attributes but make it a point to avoid using cute widgets and 3D graphics to keep the dashboard subtle.Captivating design: The overall design of your dashboard must be compelling and captivating enough to enable your employees to work on it with ease and without getting bored. The design includes not only the visual appeal but also its functionality. The dashboard is an effective data discovery tool that must create a natural flow of spotting relevant information.3.     Users’ needs must be kept in mindCreating a single dashboard to meet the needs and suitability of the entire organization can be tough but is equally important. While the development process of the dashboard is going on, it is crucial that you keep in mind the entire audience and try to address the needs of each one of the users. From marketing executives to sales representatives and from partners to customers, every individual must be able to operate it and should be able to meet their individual objectives. A good dashboard is one which can be understood even by the slowest employee of your team. The visualization tools must be used in such a way that the gist of the data can be evaluated in a matter of seconds. Basically, simplicity is the key to creating a user-friendly dashbo ard.4.     Clear communication and easy exportingA stunning dashboard is one which communicates clearly and sends the message in the simplest possible way. There must be no scope for confusion or roadblocks in the flow of the data displayed. Another factor that can help you come up with a highly functional dashboard is its easy replication or exporting. Make it a point to create your dashboard in such a way it can send its message through other platforms like Excel sheets or PDFs as well.5.     Concise and responsiveWhen one element can perform the task of four, then there is no point crowding your dashboard. Information must be displayed in the briefest or concise way to enable easy navigation and reading. Moreover, the dashboard must be quick and smooth as well. It must be able to enable access to huge amounts of information effortlessly without difficulties in navigation.6.     The number of times refreshing is requiredIn order to ensure optimal performance of the dashboard, you must pay attention to the frequency or how often it needs refreshing. Refreshing must be spaced in such a way that one can save their time and avoid the unnecessary manual refreshing. Some examples of the refreshing rates of dashboards include daily refreshing, weekly refreshing, monthly refreshing as well as real-time refreshing. An operation dashboard may need real-time refreshing whereas a strategic dashboard may require refreshing on a less regular basis.7.     FlexibleAs a business owner, you must know that a business, as well as its needs, change on a regular basis. This is why, it is important to create your dashboard in such a way that it can be changed or updated according to the changes in the business’s requirements. While the development process is going on, make sure the larger picture is taken into consideration and the dashboard is flexible enough to add/delete sources of data, change the settings and data amount can be increased with time.

Potential Therapeutic Treatment Options For Psychiatric...

Since the early 1990 s discovery of the naturally occurring endocannabinnoid receptors CB1 and CB2 in the human brain, preclinical and clinical trials focusing on plant derived cannabinnoids have begun to regain momentum. This paper focuses on the cannabinnoids Cannabidiol (CBD) and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) as potential therapeutic treatment options for psychiatric disorders. It contains an overview of studies and trials which used CBD and Δ9-THC to treat memory disorders, Schizophrenia, anxiety, and depression, as well as early information CBD s neuroprotective properties as possible treatment for Parkinson s disease, Huntington’s disease, Neonatal Ischaemia/newborn hypoxic-ichaemic brain damage, and Multiple Sclerosis. Cannabinoids in the Brain: Potential Therapeutic Use of Cannabidiol Versus Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders The neuromodulatory lipids endocannabinnoids, along with their receptors, are found naturally throughout the body, and have a primary goal of assisting with homeostasis. They help to carry out a myriad of physiological processes including mood, appetite, memory, and the sensation of pain (Sagie et al., 2013). Since the discovery of the naturally occurring receptors in the early 1990 s, plant derived cannabinnoids have gone under increasingly extensive clinical trials for their possible therapeutic uses (Kumar et al., 2001). Two of the plant derived cannabinnoids that have been, and continueShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Psychophamacological Intervention For Bipolar Disorder1310 Words   |  6 PagesIntervention for Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is an affective disorder, as defined by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), as including both episodes of major depressive disorder and at least one either manic or hypomanic episode in the course of one’s lifetime. Regardless of individual disorder specifiers, or the distinction between Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorders, it is a recurrent disorder that requires long-term psychopharmacology as the main source of treatment to prevent conditionRead MoreA Brief Note On Borderline Personality Disorder ( Adhd )1671 Words   |  7 Pages Assessing Borderline Personality Disorder Amanda Kissling Millersville University â€Æ' Introduction Treating individuals with Borderline Personality Disorders presents unique challenges for Clinicians and other service workers. Borderline personality disorder is described in the DSM-V as a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, (as well as) marked impulsivity (2013). Symptoms typically begin to present themselves in late adolescents and earlyRead MoreThe Success Rate Of 12 Step Programs1013 Words   |  5 Pagesbe the best option for mild substance use disorder, and the central theme of powerlessness can conflict with a therapist’s theoretical orientation and be harmful to the therapeutic alliance. (Kelly Myers, 2007, Laudet et al., 2004, L, Ingvarson, Richard, 1995). The National Institute of Mental Health (2013) has found that 43.6 million adults aged 18 and older have at least one mental illness and 45 percent of individuals with one mental disorder met criteria for two or more disorders. The presenceRead MorePersisten t Depressive Consorder And Major Depressive Disorders : A Case Study1707 Words   |  7 PagesPersistent depressive disorder and major depressive disorder are unipolar mood disorders. 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The treatment can be outpatient or inpatient dependingRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1274 Words   |  6 PagesBen Tang was diagnosed with bipolar II disorder indicated by DSM-5 at age 47. He experienced symptoms such as feeling depressed, suicidal thoughts, and worthlessness in depressive episodes. He experienced symptoms such as racing mind, trouble falling asleep, and committing reckless behaviors in hypomanic episodes. It can be challenging to live with bipolar disorder because the symptoms can be hard to deal with. There are several ways to manage bipolar disorder, include medications, support group, andRead MoreEssay On How Emotional Support Animals Help Those With Depression1495 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation and despite the available treatment options many do not have accessibility to said options. This paper is meant to discuss an overview of depression and emotional support animals, a relatively more affordable and accessible form of assistance as well as being psychologically and physiologically beneficial to those with depression. What is an ESA? An ESA (Emotional Support Animal) is a type of assistance animal, such as a dog or cat, that provides therapeutic benefit to its owner with companionshipRead MoreIntervention For Depression : Case Study Of John1122 Words   |  5 PagesStudy of John According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), depressive disorders affect approximately 7% of the United States population, and presents with symptoms including depressed mood, loss of interest or even apathy, negative thinking, sleep disruption, and drastic weight gain or weight loss in a short amount of time. There are multitude of medication options, known as antidepressants, as well as alternate or integrated treatment options, which include counseling and exerciseRead MoreGuidelines Of Contrasting Triggers And Distinct Therapeutic Approaches For Psychiatric Disorders Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pagespleasure to welcome you to the 2nd International Conference on Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders, during May 02 - 04, 2016 at Chicago, USA. The conference will be organized around the theme Analysis of contrasting triggers and distinct therapeutic approaches for psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of emotional, mental and behavioural disorders. With recent life style most of us are suffering from psychological issues oneRead MoreMy Clinical Experience At A Psychiatric Hospital1539 Words   |  7 Pageshealth disorder in any given year, according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Mental health is an important component of overall health and wellness. Treatment options often include medication and psychotherapy. Mental health nurses help patients who suffer from mental illness to recover their mental health so that they can live to their fullest potential. For example, mental health nurses work in a variety of settings, such as, psychiatric hospitals, substance abuse treatment programs

Minimum Wage And The Laws That Govern Wage Rates Within...

In this paper I will introduce the concept of minimum wage and a few of the laws that govern wage rates within the United States. I will also discuss some of the idea of both the support and opposition to minimum wage. I will also introduce some United States companies who have made the decision to raise their own minimum wages, why they made the decision to do so, and the changes and expectations they have as a result. Raising minimum wage for a company is not easy, and what to raise it to is harder, but for many companies, it is a good idea. In this paper, I will explain why. Introduction A minimum wage is the lowest hourly amount that employers may legally pay to their employees. This also means it is the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labor. Minimum wages laws exist in many different cities and countries, but opinions about their advantages and disadvantages vary throughout. Supporters of the minimum wage say it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, reduces inequality, boosts morale and forces businesses to be more efficient. Opponents of an increase in minimum wage say it increases poverty, increases unemployment and damages businesses. The United States federal government has, over time, raised the country wide minimum wage to $7.25 per hour. This represents the lowest any state can set their minimum wage level. However, some states have chosen to set their own minimum wage higher, such as the $9.47 that Washington has set asShow MoreRelatedBrazil And The State Of Brazil958 Words   |  4 Pagesbranch also has a Chamber of Deputies who serve in different districts. Each State, similarly to the United States, has an elected governor. The Supreme Federal Tribunal is in charge of the judicial branch. Judges within the judicial system serve life long terms and are given the responsibility to charge and uphold laws set by the government. 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It is projected that minimum wage increases will drive consumer spending; and that can encourage job growth which willRead MoreEssay on Human Resources Analysis1329 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Resources Analysis Savannah Hayes SEC 370 Debbie Travis Human Resources Analysis In the United States there are many labor laws that the cooperate world must up hold by, these laws seem complicated but are actually quite simple once you break them down. For instance, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, as amended, provides for minimum standard for that of both wages and overtime entitlements by employees, and spells out the administrative procedures that needs to be takenRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Law : Legal And Ethical Issues1213 Words   |  5 Pagesethics and law are fundamental principles that guide the way businesses operate. Business ethics are decided and formed by each company and differ from one company to another. 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A government is a specialized activity of individuals and institutions that make and enforce the public decision that then becomes binding. The United States government governs themselves in a significant way that is different in comparison to the Swiss government. In the United States, our government can beRead MoreIncrease Minimum Wage During The Great Depression1834 Words   |  8 PagesIncrease Minimum Wage After the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed approximately 121 bills into law. One of these bills included the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 which would ban oppressive child labor, set the maximum workweek at 44 hours and finally, set the minimum hourly wage at 25 cents. President Roosevelt believed that it was the government’s duty to protect against â€Å"starvation wages and intolerable hours† (Grossman). Today, we still follow the principles that PresidentRead MorePrison System And The State Of Justice And Managed The National Penitentiary Department1548 Words   |  7 Pagesright below the United Stated, China, and Russia. There are four different types of imprisonment facilities as explained by Patrick Bruha in the article, Prison System in Brazil: †¢ Closed in which the jail time is enforced in a penitentiary, in a prison cell. The inmate is subject to daily hours of work and sun and is at all times subject to supervision †¢ Semi-open in which the inmate is given a little more liberty. The inmate may be granted temporary leave and is subject to minimum control insideRead MoreEssay on The Politics of Minimum Wage5055 Words   |  21 PagesThe federally mandated minimum wage has been a divisive political issue in American politics since it first came into effect in 1938 under the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. FDR advocated for the minimum wage with the argument that â€Å"all but the hopelessly reactionary will agree that to conserve our primary resources of manpower, government must have some control over maximum hours, minimum wages, the evil of child labor, and the exploitation of unorganized labor† (Greene 2013). This idea led

Preface to ‘Joseph Andrews’ Free Essays

string(39) " a father figure within his community\." In his Preface to ‘Joseph Andrews’, Fielding claims that human vices in his novel are ‘never set forth as the objects of ridicule but detestation’. To what extent are ‘Joseph Andrews’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ concerned with issues of morality? Despite the fact that ‘Joseph Andrews’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ approach their concern with issues of morality differently, they both interrogate the subject to the extent whereby, throughout the majority of both novels, they reveal and question existing ideals of society’s principles: â€Å"Robinson Crusoe initiates that aspect of the novel’s treatment of experience which rivals the confessional autobiography and outdoes other literary forms in bringing us close to the inward moral being of the individual† (Watt, 75). This quote summarises the argument ahead and captures Defoe’s intentions. We will write a custom essay sample on Preface to ‘Joseph Andrews’ or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also one of the many critical debates that surround this concern, that accentuate how Fielding and Defoe’s involvement in this matter is significant and almost revolutionary. Whereas Watt’s comment below encapsulates what Fielding aims to achieve: â€Å"Fielding†¦ attempts to broaden our moral sense rather than to intensify its punitive operations against licentiousness. † (Watt, 283). Both of the above quotations provide an insight into both writers’ new and innovative approaches that can be considered to be quite rebellious, compared to other works from the eighteenth century. Throughout Andrew Wright’s essay titled ‘Joseph Andrews: Art as Art’, it is argued that â€Å"Fielding believes that the function of the novel is to provide a paradigm of civilisation which is above the level of ordinary moral imperatives† (Wright, 24). Thus, one may assume that Fielding’s intention is to set a raised barrier of morality in order to demonstrate how low civilisation measures up to it. He also contends that there is much evidence within and outside Fielding’s novel’s to suggest that Fielding did not have high hopes for human beings to become perfect or for society to transform and become flawless. This pessimism entails that human beings are hopeless. However, Fielding wrote in ‘The True Patriot’ on November 12th, 1745 that there are â€Å"some imperfections perhaps innate in our Constitution, and others too inveterate and established, to be eradicated; to these, wise and prudent Men will rather submit, than hazard shocking the Constitution itself by a rash Endeavour to remove them† (Wright, 30). This statement implies that Fielding’s exploration of vices within the narrative was not designed to change civilisation but to reveal its comportment in all veracity. Wright almost discusses the same notion and argues that â€Å"it is impossible to make a bad man good, and good men will very probably grow wise without much prompting. The function of art, therefore- and if this is not a tautology- is to provide a kind of ideal delight† (Wright, 30). Therefore, it is fair to suggest that Fielding does not intend to improve society or change the nature of human kind. Instead, he aims to encourage acceptance of civilisation; his revelation of flaws is formulated in order to allow his readers to find a way of rejoicing them. Thus, morality is a significant theme within the narrative and could be argued to be the purpose of the book. The rationale as to why this does not appear obvious or heightened is because it is not a concept of morality that is usually highlighted or celebrated. Within this balance of rejection and acceptance, Fielding creates a new type of morality and happiness and this can be reinforced in book three, chapter three, when Wilson unfolds his tale of moral deterioration and debauchery in London: â€Å"I soon prevented it. I represented him in so low a Light to his mistress, and made so good an Use of Flattery, Promises, and Presents†¦I prevailed the poor Girl, and convey’d her away from her Mother! In a word, I debauched her. -(At which Words, Adams started up, fetch’d three Strides across the Room, and then replaced himself in his Chair. ) You are not more affected with this part of my story than myself: I assure you it will never be sufficiently repented in my own Opinion† (Fielding, 180). This extract promotes acceptance of immorality and shamelessness. The way in which Adams reacts for a moment and then replaces himself in his chair demonstrates a sense of tolerance but also acknowledgment. This is symbolic of Fielding’s approach to morality throughout the entire novel; it is important to be aware of corruption but to attempt to repent it could cause more damage. Similarly to ‘Joseph Andrews‘, ‘Robinson Crusoe’ shows many preoccupations with the concept of morality. However, more so than Fielding (although Fielding also uses this device), Defoe utilises religion in order to determine a social moral code; he uses the boundaries and margins of religion in order to measure Robinson Crusoe’s principles. For example, the novel presents a protestant work ethic where success in business, in life is a message that you will go to heaven. Throughout the novel, Crusoe suggests that God is capitalist and that material increase suggests spiritual happiness and a closer relationship to God. This is evident on many occasions throughout the novel, for example, Crusoe converts Friday to Christianity and relates closer and closer to God as the novel progresses: â€Å"From these things I began to instruct him in the knowledge of the true God. I told him that the great Maker of all things lived up there, pointing up towards Heaven. That He governs the world by the same Power and Providence by which He made it. That He was omnipotent, could do everything for us, give everything to us, take everything from us; and thus by degrees I opened his eyes. (Defoe, 213). The significance of the theme of morality (or the Protestant religion as it is referred to within the novel) can also be reinforced by the way in which Crusoe teaches and learns about religion and preaches about its glory to others, such as Friday. This is also evident within ‘Joseph Andrews’ as the reader witnesses Joseph’s attempts to gain attributes similar to Joseph from the bible. For example, he is seen as a father figure within his community. You read "Preface to ‘Joseph Andrews’" in category "Papers" Within his essay, ’Robinson Crusoe and the state of nature’, Maximillian E. Novak argues that â€Å"Defoe was not only delineating the condition of man in the state of nature but also the cultural and political evolution which, by transforming the state of nature, created civilisation and government† (Novak, 23). This suggests that Defoe contributed to a more polished and advanced society that was in the making at the time of the novel’s publication. He discusses three opinions on the private physical men that were current in Defoe’s day: one being that despite being isolated, man would achieve the same intellectual and moral condition that he would if he ould were raised in society. (Novak, 23). Although the category that Novak feels Crusoe belongs to is the third whereby â€Å"he survives his solitude, but he is always afraid, always cautious. Defoe recognised the benefits of the state of nature, but he believed that the freedom and purity of Crusoe’s island were minor advantages compared to the comfort and security of civilisa tion. † (Novak, 23). This view implies that human beings almost do not exist without society because they are so formulated by society that without it, there is nothing left. Novak suggests this when he states that human beings are more affluent in society than alone and isolated. This therefore entails that it is society that provides our moral grounding and that aspects of society such as religion are dominant of what we believe to be right and wrong. Thus, religion is our guide to life and what encourages us to follow codes of moral conduct: â€Å"it is Puritan individualism which controls his spiritual being† (Watt, 74). This can be emphasised within the text as the reader follows Crusoe’s spiritual journey. The reader witnesses how God brings Crusoe back onto the track of Providence which is why he has to relearn everything, including how to behave. Throughout ‘Joseph Andrews’, religion acts as a principal for people to live by and the characters that live up to the standards are used to set an example, such as Joseph. Creating another relationship between both texts, religion is a way for morality to succeed; Fielding makes moral characters virtuous and successful, he also mocks the immoral society that does not have religious beliefs and thus shows that morals equal success. While Defoe shows that religion provides Crusoe with moral demeanour. This has an underlying tone of significance about human beings’ behaviour and what we need to survive, as we observe how Crusoe needs routine and time in order to allow him to feel as though he has control. This also relates to the politically charged atmosphere of the time about the need for a ruling monarchy and colonialism because the restoration demonstrated how the public were unable to direct their own lives; they needed demands from authoritative figures in order to provide them with comfort and assurance. For example, Crusoe recreates what he knows from England, such as, farming and building: â€Å"In about a year and a half I had a flock of about twelve goats, kids and all; and in two years more I had three and forty, besides several that I took and killed for my food. And after that I enclosed five several pieces of ground to feed them in, with little pens to drive them into, to take them as I wanted, an gates out of one piece of ground into another† (Defoe, 146). Consequently, both ‘Joseph Andrews’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ are concerned with morality to the extent that they aim to produce ideals of morality that they believe to be revolutionary compared to the capitalist society from which they derive from. Ian Watt argues that â€Å"the highest spiritual values had been attached to the performance of the daily task, the next step was for the autonomous individual to regard his achievements as a quasi-divine mastering of the environment. It is likely that this secularisation of the Calvinist conception of stewardship was of considerable importance for the rise of the novel† (Watt, 74). Thus, it can be argued that not only were ‘Joseph Andrews’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’s’ moral content innovative and enlightening, they were also significant contributors to the ‘rise of the novel’ and a new way of thinking. This renaissance can be considered as an essential element of the restoration of the time. The fact that Watt explores both novels and novelists in his book ‘The Rise of the Novel’ also accentuates this notion. Throughout her critical study of eighteenth century literature, Pat Rogers discusses the context of the writer’s of the time. She suggests that it was literature’s responsibility to reflect reality and also make sense of it; â€Å"to distil general laws and detect patterns in apparently random occurrences† (Rogers, 11). This is evident in both novels, for example, the way in which Fielding crafts a ingenuous representation of the moral state of society within ‘Joseph Andrews‘: â€Å"Your Lady talks of servants as if they were not born of the Christian Specious. Servants have flesh and blood as well as quality† (Fielding, 260). It is also a dominant feature of ‘Robinson Crusoe’ whereby there are many references to the immoral nature of English society:† greatly concerned to secure myself from any attack in the night, either from wild beasts or men† (Defoe, 74). For example, this suggests that men are the equivalent to ‘wild beasts’ and also just as threatening, implying that men have become corrupt and out of control, showing a lack of consideration for the rest of society. Thus both novels formulate parodies of the truth that reveal the decay of decency and morality. Rogers supports this argument and reinforces both writers’ methods of portraying such ideals: â€Å"they deal for the most part with the experience of everyday of men and women in society; their tone was plain and worldly, they sought to avoid a recondite air, and they addressed the reader with easy confidence†¦the actions of other people form the most obvious objects of our moral perceptions; when we make moral judgements, we apply ourselves decisions we have made about the behaviour of others. Not only do we perceive that an act is right or wrong, but we assign merit or blame to the perpetrator of the act. (Rogers, 147). To conclude, both novels have dominant themes of morality, ‘Joseph Andrews’ concentrates on everyday life and behaviour and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ approaches morality from a broader perspective and through the characteristic of religion. Consequently, both novels attack the negative attributes of society and mankind in a rather sat irical manner; they observe the truth about people’s principles and encourage enthusiasm for the reader to reach their own conclusions, in order for them to recognise flaws. Not only are both books innovative and rather rebellious, but they can both be considered as fundamental stimulants for the ‘rise of the novel’. Historical evidence of the eighteenth century and the tradition of writing at the time can also support both writers’ objectives in incorporating such dominant themes of morality. This is because of the lack of individualism and the control of a newly capitalist civilisation. Therefore, overall there is much evidence to support this argument and many existing critical debates, to suggest that both Fielding and Defoe are deeply concerned with the issues of morality. Both ‘Joseph Andrews’ and ‘Robinson Crusoe’ can be read as a reflection of life and human behaviour to the extent whereby they highlight the state of morality and its function within society. Bibliography: Bell, A. Ian. ‘Defoe’s Fiction’. Kent: Biddles Ltd, 1985. Butt, John. ‘Fielding’. London: Longmans, Green Co Ltd, 1959. Defoe, Daniel. ‘Robinson Crusoe‘. Berkshire: Penguin Books Ltd, 1994. Fielding, Henry. ‘Joseph Andrews‘, ‘Shamela‘. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1999. Novak, E. Maximillian. Defoe and the Nature of Man’. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1963. Macalister, Hamilton. ‘Literature in Perspective- Fielding’. London: Evans Brothers Limited, 1967. Paulson, Ronald. ‘Fielding- A Collection of Critical Essays’. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc, 1962. Rogers, Pat. ‘The Context of English Literature- The Eighteenth Century’. London: Methuen Co Ltd, 1978. Watt, Ia n. ‘The Rise of the Novel’. London: Chatto Windus, 1963. Wright, Andrew. ‘Henry Fielding: Mask and Feast’. London: Chatto Windus, 1968. How to cite Preface to ‘Joseph Andrews’, Papers

Definition of A Champion free essay sample

Of the several definitions of the term â€Å"champion,† I believe that one is true to its core: â€Å"one who fights.† I am proud to say that after four years of struggling, I am able to call myself a champion. Fighting for my position on the court, fighting past the physical challenges of the sport, fighting against those who labeled me merely as ‘the coach’s daughter,’ I have grown not only as a volleyball player, but as a person. High school volleyball was full of challenges for me. I started out as a freshman on the Junior Varsity team, my father’s team. Although I did have a lot of experience in the sport and natural athletic ability, I was never fully confident in my place on the team. I was a starter who played all-around and was voted co-captain by my teammates. I couldn’t help but feel as though these accomplishments were based more on my label as ‘the coach’s daughter,’ rather than on my individual talent. We will write a custom essay sample on Definition of A Champion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next year I was moved up to Varsity and the following two seasons were very challenging. I was forced to play different positions and felt very insecure among my older teammates. I was physically tested at practice and mentally tested with the coach’s tough criticisms and drama among my teammates. And although I was not playing under my father, I was worried that my coach was biased towards me because of my father’s position in the volleyball program. I had many reservations entering this past volleyball season as a senior. There was a change in the coaching staff and once again I was ‘the coach’s daughter.’ I was also worried because I was entering the season not having played club volleyball during the off-season. I was concerned that as a senior I would not receive playing time or even worse, that I would only receive playing time as a result of my father’s bias. This drove me to work harder than ever before. I came to practice every day, put out my best effort, and tried to be a leader on the court. As an individual, I became a better player and I believe that I contributed to the team’s overall success during the season. After this long journey of frustration and loss, I reached the moment that defined my volleyball career: the OIA Division II Championship Game. It was a difficult match, but our team won the necessary three out of five games. The feeling that overcame me when we won the final match point was indescribable. I hadn’t ever felt so proud of any other accomplishment in my life. For the first time in Kaiser High School history, the volleyball team won a championship. I was a champion. Not only because the word â€Å"champion† was inscribed on the trophy we received or because it would be shown on the gold banner that would hang in our school gym, but because I had won that moment. After years of fighting and pushing, I have earned the title of a champion and no one will ever b e able to take that away from me.

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Fighting Digital Piracy essays

Fighting Digital Piracy essays The many forms of software piracy and the techniques to combat them that exist today are not only morally wrong and unfair, but it benefits no one by threatening both the producers and consumers way of life forever. Pirates continue to hack software constantly, driving major companies and record labels to strive harder to find ways to stop them. It is a never-ending race that will eventually result in the destruction of both the consumer and producer. One of the most prominent forms of piracy in todays society is the sharing of music files and CDs online. This is one of the more well-known kinds of piracy today, with strong ties to the legal issues involving record companies, artists, and the people who buy the music. Millions of people on the internet every day share files with each other that were ripped from music CDs only each individual was licensed to have. Many people would argue that illegally copying music is morally wrong, yet many of those still continue to do it. Our society has reached the point that it does not matter if it is okay how you get something, only that you get it for free. From the consumers point of view, it makes perfect sense to copy and share music with everyone you can reach over the internet. It is no different than allowing a friend to come over to the house to listen to a new CD. Would those who argue sharing is morally wrong say that people should forbid others from hearing their CDs? People borrow each others CDs all the time. People who know they can just get the CD from their friends are less likely to buy it, but you do not see record companies jumping all over people who share the physical CDs. One might say that allowing a couple of friends to borrow a CD is much different than allowing everyone who can connect to the internet to use it, but where is the line drawn? There is no established number of people that are allowed access to someones CD. The l...

US Monopoly Company and US Perfect Competition Company Essay

US Monopoly Company and US Perfect Competition Company - Essay Example The competitive market structure come into being where there are different firms competing in the market to offer the best product and services to the customers. These companies cannot make decisions without considering what other competitors are doing. When there are several companies offering similar product and services, competition will occur. In most cases, this competition is to the benefit of the customers (Mankiw 329). Market Analyses The two monopolistic companies are the National Basket Association (NBA) and the National Football League (NFL). These two companies are in contract with the best players as well as the best stadiums. It is not easy for any other company to compete with NBA and NFL in this kind of business due to the monopolistic ownership of necessary resources for basketball and football. New companies in the market will have to look for other non standard stadiums as well as little known players, who may not be of use to them economically (Tucker 137). Anothe r way in which NBA and NFL enjoy monopoly in the market is through legal barriers. The government has given them licenses to operate the various leagues, on the contrary, telecommunications companies such as Skype and Cisco Call manager have got licenses to operate in the market. Potential competitors also have got equal opportunity in acquiring license necessary for competition. Other potential competitors to NBA may not be given licenses since there can only be one league in the US. The market in which national basketball association and national football league operates is characterized by the fact that they are he only companies in the market, they also offer unique services and products as well as the impossible entry of possible competitors due to ownership of vital resources by these companies (Tucker 211). Competing NBA and NFL will be unsustainable hence leading to monopoly. Monopoly has resulted due to the large scale of operation in which these two companies operate. They operate national leagues across the United States; competing them will depend on who is able to survive harsh economic times. Potential competitors cannot hope to provide the services provided by NBA and NFL In contrast, One perfect example of accompany in the competitive market structure is Cisco Call Manager (CCM). This company is a key member of the Cisco IP telephony network solution. CCM offers telephone services to its customers. Further, it provides all connection services to IP phones, smart phones and VoIP services. CCM faces competition from other companies such as Skype and Comcast that offer the same products and services (Sheppard 18). Cisco Call manager (CCM) experiences competition from new entrants in the market while NBA does not. New companies that offer similar services to those of Cisco Call Manager (CCM) have found their way to the market. This kind of market is where companies offer telecommunication services to customers does not pose any challenges to possib le entrants. To survive in such a competitive market, companies like CCM and Skype must offer their services at low costs and ensure that their products are unique from those offered by their competitors. CCM has also been challenged by the availability of their product substitute (Sheppard 18). NBA experiences no competition from other companies while CCM experiences stiff competition from other companies like Skype since no barriers to entry in the market exist. NBA has awarded contract to the best players as well as

Research methods used in evidence based practice Essay

Research methods used in evidence based practice - Essay Example Other investigations concerning the problems of the nursing field, and ways to implement evidence-based practices in other areas are used to supplement this comparison. It is not in doubt that these procedures are effective, this article explores additional means to expand these practices more thoroughly throughout the clinical profession. Introduction In the interests of the nursing profession, the term evidence-based practice is a relatively recent development. The term represents the new framework for the medical field in general representing the logical culmination of scientific principles essential to the foundations of modern medicine. But the term itself was first described in the work of the evidence-based medicine working group in the early 1990s (Cullum et al. 2007). For all areas of human endeavor with any intersect with the material or biological sciences and evidentiary area approach is the fundamental precept that permits reliable scientific progress as an alternative t o superstitious or intuitive practices predating the advent of the scientific method. In addressing this theme a patient safety research article from Berland and colleagues (2012) will be subject to examination. The article itself focuses on a specific tasks relative to the healthcare profession, providing a direct analysis utilizing evidence-based practice. Primarily, this article will address the specific research findings of Berland and colleagues (2012) , who conducted a study on the experiences of homecare nurses in the area of patient safety. This is an example of evidence-based practices applied to resolve the specific issue of patient safety. Pursuant to an exploration of this article, additional background will be given on evidence-based medical practices in general. Before the modern movement towards evidence-based practice, similarly related terms such as evidence-based medicine (Beyea & Slattery, 2006) described the fundamental approach of utilizing scientific evidence a s the primary assumption needed to identify the most efficacious treatment strategies based on the objective appraisal of the physical facts pertaining to the case at hand. Qualitative Overview During any research project, executive decisions must be made concerning the best strategy by which to derive conclusions from the available information. There are two principle categories of data that are meaningful in terms of human interactions and endeavor: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative information is primarily numerical, using ratio-level data that allows precision calculations often of physical phenomenon. It is essential for mechanistic processes involving functions or forces that can be duplicated or replicated. This stands in contrast to qualitative data. Qualitative data reflects findings relating to social interactions or behavioral motivations that do not immediately entail numerical representation. Qualitative findings often use ordinal or normative information in or der to draw behavioral conclusions. Many of the issues relevant to this article are dependent upon behavior and human interactions, such as questions of leadership and responsibility. These functions of behavior are not amenable to hard numerical data under most circumstances, and therefore a qualitative approach is most useful for the type of research included in this analysis. For the Berland study, the first line of the Methods

Employee Relations in Trade Unions and HRM

Employee Relations in Trade Unions and HRM Employee relations are critical to the success of the organisation. Good communication channels need to be in place for information flow between employers and employees. This holds true for both small and large organisations. In large organisations, there are legal rules in place to engage employee representatives. Employee representation could be in the form of trade unions, works councils, joint working groups and ad-hoc groups. In small companies, the emphasis is on direct communication between employer and employees. Small firms do not require elaborate representational systems and the legal framework excludes them from laws to consult with worker representatives in some cases. However, regardless of the size of the organisation, it is advisable for employers to have effective systems for providing information and consultations with employees on a periodic basis (ACAS, 2005). This is particularly critical for small companies that are growing at a fast rate and need to have system s in place for employee engagement as is the case with the company under consideration. Employee representation and trade unions One form of employee representation is trade unions. Trade unions are associations of employees. Trade union is an organization of workers that aims to protect and advance the interests of its members (BIS, 2009). Their objective is to sustain and enhance the terms and conditions of work for their members. This is done through collective bargaining with employers. Recognition of the trade union by the company is very important for collective bargaining. Collective bargaining takes place when the trade union negotiates with the employer on behalf of the employees on matters regarding pay and other terms and conditions of employment. Trade unions are of four types: company union, general/industrial union, craft union and white collar union (Cole, 2003). Company union represent the employees in a single company. General or Industrial union represents employees from several companies belonging to the same industry. Craft union represents skilled workers in a specific field. White collar union represent white collar employees e.g., teachers and professors. Trade unions are set up to protect and promote the interests of employees. The existence of a trade union reduces the possibilities of industrial conflict (Dillon, 2009). Trade unions play a vital role in effective communication between management and employees. They provide the support system to ensure that the differences of opinion do not turn into major conflicts. Trade unions play an active role in negotiations between management and workers in times of disagreement. Trade unions not only represent employees to discuss their pay and benefits, but also provide a voice for the employees to be heard on various other aspects of personnel policies. These include selecting employees for lay offs, retrenchment, promotion and transfer. The personnel selection criterion within an organization may not be fair and transparent. The existence of trade unions ensures that workers have a say in the proceedings and their interests are safeguarded (ILO, 1992). From the management perspective, it is beneficial to deal with trade union members who represent all the employees rather than deal with employees individually. This saves time and is cost efficient as conflicts can be resolved in a timely manner. This ensures there is no stoppage of work, thus preventing adverse effects on employee productivity and efficiency. Management will get to know from the trade union about the views of employees on various important aspects of the company polices. They can use this information to make important decisions that affect employees (Gennard Judge, 2005). Becoming a member of a trade union gives employees the confidence that their needs and interests are being protected. This is a source of motivation for workers reducing absenteeism, lower productivity and labour turnover. This ensures that there is optimum utilization of human resources in the organisation. Role of trade unions The role played by trade unions in uniting, protecting and improving the employees has a positive impact on the business. They help management in the recruitment of employees. Trade unions have also started to conduct various training and development activities for the employees. They help in unifying employees coming from diverse social and economic backgrounds by helping them get used to the work conditions in the company. As a result, workers are more aware of the rules and policies in the company. This gives the employees the requisite tools to succeed in their job. With efficient employees, companies can achieve their goals and grow at a faster rate. This will positively impact the economic development of the economy. At times of disagreement and conflict between employers and employees, trade unions play a vital role. They represent all the employees in total. This is called collective bargaining. This makes it easy for management to deal with the trade union members. This helps in building trust and co-operation. The trade union helps in resolving the conflict in a rational manner that is beneficial to both the company and its employees. In such a scenario, the acceptability of the managements decisions by the employees is greater. They have a sense of ownership for the decision-making and therefore will be more committed to achieve the companys objectives. The quality of the decisions may also improve as opinions of employees with the required skills are well represented. The focus is on mutual agreement between management, employees and their representatives for improving employee relations. Trade unions help in fostering co-operation and building industrial relations. HRM practices and trade unions The disadvantages of trade unions to management are they could lead to increase in wages at an indiscriminate rate. This means higher costs for the company. Also, trade unions consider only the requirements of its members. It gives no importance to the views and needs of employees who are not members. When trade unions impose strikes and lock-outs in the company, it causes decrease in productivity and profitability levels. Over the years, the focus in human resource management (HRM) has changed from collectivism to individualism. This means more importance given to engaging employees individually for consultation, communication and resolving conflict. In the individualism management style, the focus is on the views, opinions and needs of each employee. It seeks to bring out the best in every employee in performing their job. In collectivism management style, the company recognizes the importance of having employees views and opinions represented in management decision-making on personnel matters. The HRM approach that strikes a balance between these two management styles will give importance in building and caring for human resources in the organisation. Human resource management is a style of management for managing employee relations in a way that enables employees to perform at their best in the new era of technological changes and globalisation. There are two versions in defining HRM. The hard version adopts a rational method of dealing with employees and aims at aligning organisation strategy and human resource strategy (Bratton Gold, 2001). It views employees as a cost component that needs to be controlled. The soft version views employees as resources. Its emphasis is on grooming, training and developing employees. It works on increasing employee commitment. It looks upon a skilled and committed workforce as an important competitive advantage. Human resource management is a key function in a company, which focuses on selecting, recruiting, training and developing employees, and provide a sense of direction to them. Its main aim is to manage the human resources in an organisation effectively and contribute in achieving its goals. Functions of HRM include planning, selection, recruitment, compensation and benefits, training, performance appraisal and feedback, communication and motivation of human resources in the company. When a company is established and starts operating in a small scale, usually the owner/manager performs the HR functions. As the company grows steadily, a human resource personnel needs to be appointed, who primarily takes care of payroll processing, benefits and HR record-keeping. For the other major HR functions like recruitment and training, managers may need to participate and take the ownership. When a company crosses the 80-100 employees level, a person specializing in HRM needs to come onboard (Math is Jackson, 2007). The role of HRM in a company can be split into three: administrative, operational and strategic. The administrative role is to do with clerical responsibilities like paper work and record keeping. If the role of HR in a company is restricted to only the administrative function, then it serves no purpose both for the employers and employees. In the operational role, HR implements the strategies laid out by the management. It ensures that the plans, policies and strategies of the organisation as laid out by the management are carried out by the employees. In this role, HR acts as a liaison between the employer and employees. In the strategic role, HR plays a key role in formulating policies relating to human resources along with the management. HR contributes to organisational effectiveness and success by ensuring employees is well equipped to perform at their best and contribute significantly to the company (Mathis Jackson, 2007). For the human resource function to be effective in an organisation, the operational and strategic role must be given importance in decision-making. This ensures there is adequate communication between employers and employees. It recognises human resource as a vital component that needs to be groomed and developed for the success of the company. By ensuring employees opinions are voiced and heard on matters affecting them, HRM ensures that employees feel motivated, have a sense of purpose and ownership and contribute to the organisation. Managing employee relations within the organization Organizations today are increasingly exposed to the challenges of managing employee relations and adopt practices that promote a positive work culture. Global competitive pressures have added to the stress levels at workplace and employee satisfaction becomes a critical issue in such conditions. Large organizations with more than 100 employees often find it difficult to address employee issues and concerns. Employee representation through collectivism in the form of trade unions, joint consultation committees or individualistic approach that emphasizes on strategies like personal development plans, performance appraisals and career progression are some of the alternatives available to the organization. Changes in managerial approach are a requirement for organizations to adapt to changing operating and business environment conditions. In traditional organizations, directing involves giving assignments, explaining routines, clarifying policies, and providing feedback on performance (N ickels, 2008). This style of management has been replaced by a more encouraging approach that involves increased participation of the workforce in the decision making process. Employee empowerment strategies and a participative leadership approach are increasingly finding their acceptance within organizations since it promotes organizational efficiency in terms of productivity and performance. Flexible organizational structures that are distinguished by reduced layers of hierarchy are much favoured for their role in improving existing work culture and employee commitment levels. Employee participation and consultative practices within an organization faces distinct challenges from lack of supporting infrastructure that encourage the process of open communication. Potterfield (1999) states that empowerment strategies can be effective only when the organization provides the following four essential ingredients to its staff and that includes information about the organizations performance, rewards based on organizations performance, knowledge that enables the workforce to contribute to organizations performance, and power to make decisions that influence organizational performance. Bargaining with trade unions reflect the need to recognize their existence and this relationship can be fostered in many ways for mutual benefit. Organizations can effectively integrate their strategies to gain advantage from the existence of trade unions through the implementation of employee participation and promoting a healthy work culture that focuses on increased productivity. Organizations are run by various disciplinary standards and frameworks that guide employee behaviour at workplace, frame regulations for disciplinary actions against misbehaviour, and frame the basic rules that should be followed by people within the organization to ensure the smooth functioning and create a healthy work environment. The management is to a large extent responsible for drawing the guidelines and laying the protocols to ensure a proper code of conduct among the employees. People need to know what is expected of them in terms of standards of performance and behaviour (ACAS, 2009). It is not an effective practice to define employee code of conduct and performance levels while imposing restrictions on employee conduct as and when required by employers. The organization must have a pre-defined set of expected behaviour protocols handed out to the employees that conveys a uniform standard of conduct to all employees across all levels and departments within an organization. This is extremely helpful in directing the employees on what actions or steps should be taken next in response to a specific case or situation at the workplace. Such rules and protocols will leave no place for ambiguity or misunderstandings once the company expectations are defined and explained to the workforce. Many companies define a set of procedures for employee grievances and feedback. Such practices are useful in providing assurance to the employees that their problems will be dealt with confidentially and in uniformity with the company procedures. This ensures fair resolution of problems and guides the managers in dealing with conflicts within teams and individuals. The success of any business enterprise in todays operating environment is to a large extent dependent on the human capital resources available. In view of the present economic perspective employee relations play a critical role in deciding the business strategies and profitability position of the company. There are numerous instances when organizational conflicts can create problems with the effectiveness of operations. However, it must be understood that conflicts are an inevitable part of the business environment and organizations adopt different strategies to resolve conflicts arising at workplace. According to the conventional way of doing business conflicts were viewed as a negative and threatening action working against the organizational interests. There has been a radical change in perspectives with changing business dynamics where organizations feel that conflicts can be used to leverage organizational goals and objectives through the use of effective leadership and manageri al strategies. The individual conflict arising in workplace is more evident in the form of personal goals and objectives that clash with the goals of other individuals (Weijun, 2006). A competitive work environment promotes individuals to prove their abilities and go that extra mile to achieve higher goals. Managers and leaders instigate a competitive environment to achieve organizational goals and targets and motivate the employees to perform better. The consequences are realized in the form of increased productivity, market share and profitability. The stakeholders gain from this kind of conflicts arising at workplace. Any changes to the current and existing work procedures are met with stiff resistance from the people involved. Managing conflicts and implementing changes in an organization is a complex task that requires an able leadership that has the capacity to visualize and identify possible barriers or resistance to the planned changes. Ensuring high levels of performance within the organization requires active participation of both management and individuals in the workforce in implementing tasks and objectives (Roberts, 2004). Managers can unlock an individuals ability and willingness to perform at high levels in many ways for instance, by translating long-term goals into step by step plans, clearly stating expectations and holding people accountable (Holbeche, 2005). Training the employees is an effective conflict management strategy. It provides the employees with increased information and knowledge on the impact of organizational policies or programs and thinks in a pre-defined manner t o accept such changes. There are numerous other employee management strategies that can be implemented by the organization to ensure increased performance levels and adherence to quality standards. This includes performance appraisals, team meetings, one-to-one discussion forums, personal development plans and feedback sessions that encourage a healthy exchange of views and suggestions. The organization should outline and explain the step-by-step procedure that needs to be followed by the employees and the managers in fulfilling the objectives of performance appraisals and personal development plans. The managers should be provided with adequate guidelines on the way the system should work, how often the plans need to be reviewed and trained in the ways of conducting effective appraisal sessions. Documentation of each phase of these plans is necessary to provide the managers and employees with improved clarity on the goals decided, action plans drawn, review period and feedback of the session. Improved communication can help in motivating employees, increasing productivity and result in improved customer service. But it needs to be understood that the communication process is not simply conveying the message. It is a two-way process that needs interaction between the two parties. The management and the employees need to interact on how the managerial strategies are going to take shape and what are best possible ways to minimize risks and hurdles in the process. Giving the employees a chance to participate in management decisions not only makes them feel valuable but also ensures their support and enthusiasm in the whole process. Another vital ingredient for successful communication process is consistency. The management policies need to be consistent in their approach to instil trust and confidence in the employees. Conclusion The increase in market competitiveness has resulted in the adoption of strategic plans that focus on employee welfare and development schemes. Collective relationships are now based on relatively more cooperation in which both parties are motivated to add value to the organization (Gennard Judge, 2005, p11). The evolving employment relationships emphasize the success of the enterprise through developing employee trust and commitment, enhancing job satisfaction, employee participation in decision making process, and increasing organizational productivity, profitability and efficiency (Gennard Judge, 2005).

The New Deal Coursework

The New Deal was set up by Franklin D. Roosevelt when he became president of the United States of America in March 1933. Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to stabilise the USA, focusing on his aims that he put forward in his inaugural speech. Roosevelt made his inaugural speech in March 1933, declaring his main aims that he planned to achieve during his time as President. During his speech Roosevelt said: â€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.† He said this because he wanted to assure the American citizens that he could reform the current depression in the USA and make sure no such crisis could happen again in the future. He wanted to regain the American people's confidence in that the problems caused by the Great Depression should no longer be feared because he had a plan to resolve the bad effect of the depression on his country. Roosevelt said that he aimed to make better use of natural resources, and to lower unemployment figures by providing jobs for thousands of people. He also said that he was aiming for the protection of people's savings and property, a redistribution of the land for those less privileged and to provide aid to the ill, elderly and unemployed. Roosevelt was granted one hundred days of broad executive power so that he could achieve his aims by passing laws quickly without having to put them through the government. With this power Roosevelt set up the â€Å"Alphabet Laws† that were combined to form the New Deal. The different laws he passed allowed him to achieve the aims that he had proposed in his inaugural speech. To accomplish his first aim of restoring confidence in the American citizens, Roosevelt came up with the idea of the â€Å"fire side chat†. The fire side chat was a radio show that Roosevelt would speak on every night, in a bid to convince Americans that he would make sure that America recovered fully from the Great Depression. Because the fire side chat was a daily occurrence, it could been seen as a form of propaganda but the radio shows did in fact give confidence to Americans in the way that they he made people believe that he would keep the promises he made to help America recover. One of the first of the Alphabet Laws that Roosevelt set up was The Emergency Banking Act. The Emergency Banking act was, to all intents and purposes, a four-day bank holiday; when all the banks were declared financially secure they were allowed to be reopened but those which were not were closed. Roosevelt set this act up to restore the Americans' faith in the dollar and to systematize America's economic situation. The Emergency Banking Act abolished Americans fears that their savings were not secure and let them put their trust back into the banks where they kept their money. Another program that Roosevelt set up was the Federal Emergency Relief Administration which was established to provide benefits for the unemployed. The basis of the program was that the government would give a dollar for every three dollars that the state spent; this was supposed to give people confidence that the unemployed would be given enough money to live on until a job opportunity came about. The fact that the Government was showing interest in the well-being of American people, made people believe even further that it was a strong, caring government system that took into account minorities and those in need. The Federal Emergency Relief Administration was later changed to the Civil Works Administration which was a project set up with five hundred million dollars backing from the Government, which was spent on public work schemes. It gave hundreds of people jobs all across America on developments such as road works and building important public buildings such as airports and sc hools. The Labour Relations act was brought about to give employees and workers across America the reassurance that they had worker's rights and the freedom to back themselves against unfair dismissal by their employer. The Home Owners Loan Cooperation was set up to give Americans back the confidence that they were safe from being evicted from their own homes. It allowed people to take out loans so that they could pay rent until they came up with a better source of income. As well as the Civil Works Administration as a factor in achieving his aims of lowering unemployment figures, Roosevelt also set up the National Recovery Administration, the Works Progress Administration, and the Public Works Administration; all of which were work schemes that provided jobs for many people in all aspects of society from arts to agriculture. Other aims of Roosevelt were the redistribution of land and better uses of natural resources. Roosevelt set up The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Agricultural Adjustments Act and The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The Civilian Conservation Corps was set up to protect the environment in many areas of the USA. As well as observations on plants and wildlife such as tree-planting and beekeeping, the CCC also built many trails and buildings in state and national parks and installed fences, and power and telephone lines. The Agricultural Adjustments Act aimed to prevent farmers from being evicted from their homes by introducing new crops to farming areas. The government would also buy a cow from a family farm and then have the meat sent back to family tinned, ready to eat. The TVA was set up in order to provide economic development in the Tennessee Valley, where many people were affected greatly by the Great Depression. It concentrated on building dams to prevent flooding and to regain land around the Tennessee River and also on electricity generation and the manufacturing of fertilizer as a source of income. Roosevelt also set up other organisations to tackle other problems such as The Social Security Act that gave aid to the ill, elderly and unemployed; and the National recovery Administration that ensured working conditions were acceptable for everyone and to abolish over working and child labour. In conclusion, Roosevelt covered all of his aims mentioned in his inaugural speech using his power to pass the Alphabet Laws in order to keep his promises that he made to the people of America. The features of the New Deal came together to successfully meet Roosevelt's initial aims as President, as he made a benefit of the environmental state of the USA by using natural resources to boost the economy and provide employment for many people, effectively killing two birds with one stone.

Literary Theme A Worn Path Essay

In â€Å"A Worn Path†, the theme though out the story is about a strong undying love an old woman has for her grandchild. According to Clugston 2010, the theme in a story is associated with an idea that lies behind the story. Every story narrows a broad underlying idea, shapes it in a unique way, and makes the underlying idea concrete. That’s how theme is created. In other words, the theme in a story is a representation of the idea behind the story. While a hard journey for an old woman, a grandmother’s undying love shows the depths she was willing to go to take care of her grandchild. When you love someone, there is no journey too far or too hard when that person is in need. The old woman took that journey to get the medicine needed to help the child. Although the medicine did not helping the child in the past, this woman had hopes that maybe, this time it would, and was willing to go to any length to find out. When it comes to a one’s child or in this case a grandchild, there are no lengths one would not go to make them healthy and happy. Though the story does not tell us where the mother of this child was, it does indicate that the child was depending on his grandmother to help him, and it also seems as though the child was all old Phoenix had, and she did not want to loose him. Any one who has children would do almost anything to protect that child, even if it meant walking miles through the deep woods in the blazing sun to make sure you did everything possible to make that child feel better. This story is about the sacrificial love this grandmother had for her grandson who was sick from swallowing lye and the only way to make his throat feel better was for this old woman to walk miles through treacherous woods to get medicine for him that may or may not work. The story is told in the â€Å"Third–person point of view which occurs when the speaker is not a participant in the story. It has two forms: omniscient point of view and objective point of viewâ€Å" (Clugston 2010, ch 5. 2). This can be seen in the narrator telling the story about an old Negro woman named Phoenix, making a journey to the Dr. ’s office, for her grandson’s medicine. The story is told from a limited omniscient point of view observed here: â€Å"On she went. The woods were deep and still. The sun made the pine needles almost too bright to look at, up where the wind rocked. The cones dropped as light as feathers. Down in the hollow was the mourning dove– it was not too late for him† (Clugston 2010, ch 6. 3). The point of view affects the narrative theme by the narrator telling what was going on in the old woman’s mind and showing the determination and the deep love she had for her grandson to enable her to brave the harsh elements of the sun and the woods to complete her mission. The point of view gives the reader more insight as to what was going on beyond what was being said, what old Phoenix was thinking. The story also had a lot of symbolism in it and Clugston 2010, tells us that a symbol is something that has a literal identity but also stands for something else—something that is widely understood and has been developed over a long period of time or by common agreement. This second identity (or referent) is always abstract in nature. Some of the symbolism in this story starts off with the old woman’s name, Phoenix, and according to Clugston 2010, a phoenix is a mythical creature that rises from its own ashes, â€Å"Her name was Phoenix Jackson† (Clugston 2010, ch 6. 3). The narrator giving the month of December which is winter, symbolizing death, stagnation and sleep, and considering the old woman’s age, showing that even after such a long journey, she temporarily forgot what she had traveled so far for. The narrator also tells how Phoenix is feeling during a certain point in the journey, â€Å"Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far† (Clugston 2010 ch 6. ), with chains symbolizing a struggle. The oak trees that are spoken about, symbolized strength and wisdom, of which the old woman exhibited both of these traits, â€Å"Now down through oaks† (Clugston 2010 ch 6. 3), â€Å"She passed through the old cotton and went into a field of dead corn† (Clugston 2010 ch 6. 3), as well as the buzzard, also symbols of death. She also drank â€Å"water which symbolizes source of life and regeneration† as noted, â€Å"In a ravine she went where a spring was silently flowing through a hollow log. â€Å"Old Phoenix bent and drank† (Clugston 2010 ch 6. 3). In the end Phoenix did get the medicine and was so happy when she left the Dr. ’s office, she decided to buy the child a little toy from the nickel she found on the ground and the nickel the nurse had given her. She decided to buy her grandson a pinwheel, knowing this was something that would make him happy. The narrator made me feel that the journey home was a much lighter on Phoenix than the one going to the Dr. ’s office, not only because she had the medicine and she accomplished her mission, but also that fact that she was able to come back with a gift for the child, also showing her love for him. Indeed, while a hard journey for an old woman, a grandmother’s selfless undying love shows the depths she was willing to go to show it. When you love someone, there is no journey too far or too hard when the one you love is in need. Though the medicine was not helping the child, this woman had hopes that maybe this time it would, and would go to any length to find out. When it comes to your children or this case a grandchild, there are no lengths you would not go to make them healthy and happy.

Graduation Speech My Personal Life Dilemma - 960 Words

This is my personal life dilemma. I was pursuing my graduation in my home country. In the last semester of my study, my parents made the decision that I should get married, but I wanted to go abroad to get further education. At that time I decided to go with my parents. After 1 year of marriage, I completed my study and I decided to go abroad for my further education. I completed the relevant exam with a good score. Finally I got visa for Canada. Before one month of coming to Canada my wife got pregnant. Now I am in great trouble that whether it is the right times to have a child or not. I had two options. First one is that we can do an abortion and a second one is keeping the baby. It was a very confusing moment of my life what to do in this situation because many people are involved in this situation. If I make the wrong decision that everybody has to suffer for this. At that foreign education is very important to me. If I made decision of keeping the baby that will add more burden on my life as well as on my wife’s life because she has to take care of the baby after birth alone at home while doing other work of day to day life and if I abort baby than it is a crime and there was a chance of caught. For this may be I get punishment according to the law. I was not able to make the decision what to do, I keep the baby then it will bring happiness to my wife and the whole family and on the other hand increase myShow MoreRelatedInvisibility in Invisible Man1352 Words   |  6 Pagessenses. On the narrators first train ride, a ride into the depths of human exchange (Arac 199), the reader witnesses the books first definite insight on physical invisibility. I could feel the rubbery softness of her flesh against the length of my body. I could neither turn sideways nor get awayÂ… when I took a furtive glance around no one was paying me the slightest bit of attention. 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